IPRG PUBLICATION

Addressing the Interconnected Impacts of Climate Change on Vulnerable Communities through Integrated Policy Interventions and Emerging Technologies for Equitable Climate Adaptation

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Authors : Rijjul Madaan , Danusri J , Saanvi Srivastava , Ochia Mathew Chidike , Richik Ghosal , Ritvik Sharma

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Abstract

Climate change is reshaping where and how vulnerable communities are able to live, while unequal access to mobility, energy and adaptive resources shapes their capacity to respond. This paper thus attempts to ask; what are the interconnected impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities, and how can integrated policy interventions leverage emerging technologies to advance equitable climate adoption? It draws on a collaborative section based qualitative analysis of government, UN, and academic secondary sources, and examines climate-induced migration through Sundar Sarukkai’s framework of lived experience freedoms; to be a part of, to leave, and to modify an environment. This exhibits how caste, gender,and household wealth can shape who is able to migrate, who is left behind as a “trapped population”, and who benefits from remittance- funded adaptation. It then traces how the same structural inequality shapes energy insecurity in India, and by means of a comparative case study, in Nigeria, where climate driven mobility redistributes rather than resolves energy demand. The paper thus evaluates the capacity of emerging technologies; GIS, remote sensing, digital twins, and artificial intelligence, to move adaptation planning across tangents from being reactive in nature to anticipatory in practice. It however also acknowledges that technological maturity is consistently outpaced by institutional and data constraints, and AI governance introduces its own risks around bias, privacy, and accountability that must be managed alongside its benefits. Synthesising these findings, the paper proposes an integrated policy framework of five interdependent pillars; vulnerability mapping, mobility planning, climate energy planning, anticipatory technology governance, and equitable AI governance. These, put together, argue that equitable adaptation depends less on developing new technology than on embedding it within functioning, accountable and public centred institutions.

Keywords: Climate-induced migration; Energy insecurity; Emerging technologies; AI governance; Climate adaptation policy; Vulnerable communities; India–Nigeria comparative analysis

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Climate Finance Utilization in Africa and Asia: Economic Outcomes and Policy Effectiveness

Authors : Sakshi Vyas, Jacob Machaka, Lefu Elias Matsikitlane, Anuoluwapo Enitan Popoola

Abstract :

The use of climate finance has become one of the most significant means of combating climate change at the international level, but its conversion into tangible impacts has been extremely uneven in the Global South. The aim of this paper is to examine how the three largest emerging economies, South Africa, Nigeria, and India, implement climate finance and whether the national policy framework is effective in translating finance into tangible impacts. The fivelens approach used for the examination includes policy coherence, implementation, evidence of impact, economic impact, and structural obstacles. The question to be examined is whether the funds work. Based on the results from the analysis, it becomes evident that while all three countries have indeed taken real efforts to align themselves with global conventions like the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC, there are implementation gaps when it comes to ground realities. There have been positive developments on the part of South Africa and its REIPPPP and on the part of India and its NAPCC. However, both initiatives still face serious issues related to fragmented governance and lack of financing resources. Nigeria, even though its policy framework has become quite ambitious, suffers from poor institutional coordination, high administrative costs and persistent under-financing of adaptation activities. It is evident that the key determining factor here is not finance but quality of institutions and coherent implementation practices.

Keywords:
Climate Finance, Policy Coherence, Implementation Effectiveness, Emerging Economies, Global South, Institutional Governance, Energy Transition

The Growing Strategic Importance of the Indo-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities for Asian Countries

Authors : Subhash Gill , Sneha Gupta

ABSTRACT

The current study examines how the Indo-Pacific architecture is perceived by India and China and how these visions shape economic and diplomatic relations in the region. The study asks how India’s and China’s competing visions of the Indo-Pacific shape their economic and diplomatic engagement with regional actors, particularly ASEAN. The paper argues that Chinese and Indian strategic principles and diplomatic approaches regarding regional dynamics are necessary contexts for understanding the economic and political policies pursued through regional institutional frameworks. It demonstrates that China primarily frames the Indo-Pacific through economic connectivity and regional multipolarity, while India increasingly approaches the region through strategic balancing, maritime security and diversified economic partnerships. Previous research papers in the field mostly examined these dynamics from a one-country perspective, treating economic and political dimensions mostly separately; however, this paper aims to provide a comparative understanding of two visions represented by Indo-Pacific dominant players based on their official statements and bilateral and multilateral initiatives. This methodological approach facilitates the understanding of recent institutional crises in renewed India-China dialogues and possible diplomatic resolutions based on analysis of key state principles pursued by both sides to achieve stable maritime security and economic cooperation.

KEYWORDS:
Indo-Pacific, maritime security, economic cooperation, India, China, ASEAN

Transnational Educational Migration: A Comparative Review of Policy Responses to Internationalisation in Germany and the Netherlands

Authors : Saba Suhail Khan , Ankita Hansda , Fathima Thamanna PP , Barnali Roy

Abstract

Internationalisation of higher education has become increasingly connected with international student mobility, migration and labour-market policy. This study examines how Germany and the Netherlands responded to these developments. Although both countries operate within a shared European higher education and migration environment, their policy responses have developed in different directions. A similar system design was used to compare these two cases. The analysis draws on a corpus of 37 legislative, parliamentary and policy documents and combines descriptive statistics, text-as-data analysis and critical discourse analysis based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework. Policy documents were examined across four broad policy orientations; attraction, management, retention and labour and fourteen related policy instruments. The comparison shows that Germany has developed a comparatively expansive approach to internationalisation. International students are increasingly viewed not only as participants in higher education but also as a potential source of skilled labour in response to demographic change and workforce shortages. The Netherlands has followed a more managed and selective approach. While the academic and economic value of internationalisation continues to be recognised, greater attention has been given to housing pressures, institutional capacity, language and access for domestic students. These differences suggest that the policy divide cannot be reduced to a simple distinction between open and restrictive systems. Instead, national responses reflect different combinations of labour-market needs, demographic pressures, institutional capacity and domestic social priorities. The study highlights the need for internationalisation policies that balance educational openness with sustainable institutional capacity, labour-market needs and broader social considerations.

Keywords:
Transnational Educational Migration, International Student Mobility, Internationalisation of Higher Education, Comparative Policy Analysis, Policy Divergence, Policy Discourse, Germany, The Netherlands.

OUTPUT VS OUTCOME ANALYSIS OFPMAY G & POSHAN ABHIYAAN SCHEMES

Authors : Pushpa Akshaya Miriyala , Armaan Sareen , Shravani Tharanath

Abstract :

India’s flagship welfare schemes – Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) and POSHAN Abhiyaan, represent landmark commitments to rural housing provisioning and nutritional security respectively. Yet persistent gap separates the administrative growth outputs with substantive development outcomes. This paper undertakes a qualitative output-versus- outcome analysis of both schemes, interrogating structural gaps between quantitative delivery metrics – houses sanctioned, anganwadi coverage, beneficiaries enrolled and lived realities of human capability enhancement. The study critically examines how implementation accuracy, convergence deficits, workforce vacancies, community level absorption mediate the translation of output impact to welfare impact. Data from NFHS-4&5 trends, CAG audit observations, POSHAN tracker data bring a systemic mark: output saturation co-existing with outcome stagnation. The paper argues for realigned evaluation that centres nutritional security and housing quality as primary indices of scheme effectiveness over mere physical completion rates.

KEYWORDS :

Maternal Morbidity, Open Defecation (ODF), Aspirational Districts, Anganwadi Health Workers (AHW), Take Home Rations, Growth Monitoring Promotion Sessions.

The Educated Unemployed: Evaluating the Effect of PMKVY on Employment Outcomes for India’s Educated Youth

Authors : Aditi Tiwari , Aditi Thakur , Upama Paul

Abstract

India’s unemployment sector showcases an unusual trend. Unemployment rises with education rather than falling. This study is being conducted to find whether the source of this issue lies in the demand side or the supply side of the sector. The supply side predicts that the issue lies with the lack of skills within the youth. Whereas the demand side of the issue states the problem lies in the volume of formal wage jobs present in the economy. We find through our research that available evidence is stronger in support of the demand side explanation of the problem. This evidence is presented through the administrative and audit reports of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas yojana, the periodic labour force data and the CAG’s 2025 report. The analysis relies on aggregate secondary data rather than individual level data, therefore these findings are presented as associations and not established causal effects. The study showcases how while upskilling is important, it is not enough to solve the problem of educated unemployment within the country.

Keywords:
Educated unemployment, Periodic Labour Force Survey, skill development, PMKVY, labour demand

RETHINKING EMPLOYABILITY: IS NEP 2020 RELEVANT FOR INDIA’S AIDRIVEN FUTURE?

Authors : Mannat Siwach , Siddhant Pandey , Priyanshi Jha , Mishka Singh , Tarandeep Kaur , Rajnish Katare

ABSTRACT

Artificial Intelligence, as a disruptive force, is bringing unprecedented changes in the skills and competencies required for a graduate to become employable in today’s day and age; however, India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has come forward as a framework for strengthening higher education through the inclusion of multidisciplinary learning, skill development, practical exposure, and increasing alignment with industry requirements. This paper examines whether these strategies remain sufficiently responsive to an evolving AIdriven labour market. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining a review of existing literature with primary questionnaire-based research. On the survey responses of students and professionals, the study applies descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, percentages, and mean scores to assess perceptions of implementation, AI readiness, and emerging skill requirements. Further, it uses a thematic analysis to compare the emerging patterns with themes identified in the literature. The findings indicate that although NEP 2020 provides a relevant framework for developing multidisciplinary and future-oriented competencies, gaps remain between its intended provisions and students’ practical exposure to AI-related skills, industry requirements, and employability preparation, suggesting that the policy is conceptually relevant but insufficiently aligned with emerging AI-era requirements. The study recommends increased emphasis on effective policy implementation and a shift in the core framework towards AI literacy, upskilling and greater integration of digital and data capabilities within higher education.

Keywords
National Education Policy 2020, Employability, AI Literacy, Multidisciplinary Learning, Higher Education, Future-ready Skills

IPRG PUBLICATION

Addressing the Interconnected Impacts of Climate Change on Vulnerable Communities through Integrated Policy Interventions and Emerging Technologies for Equitable Climate Adaptation

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Related Publications

Climate Finance Utilization in Africa and Asia: Economic Outcomes and Policy Effectiveness

The Growing Strategic Importance of the Indo-Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities for Asian Countries

Transnational Educational Migration: A Comparative Review of Policy Responses to Internationalisation in Germany and the Netherlands

OUTPUT VS OUTCOME ANALYSIS OFPMAY G & POSHAN ABHIYAAN SCHEMES

The Educated Unemployed: Evaluating the Effect of PMKVY on Employment Outcomes for India’s Educated Youth

RETHINKING EMPLOYABILITY: IS NEP 2020 RELEVANT FOR INDIA’S AIDRIVEN FUTURE?